Quiz1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Quiz1 - Essay Example However, halting the talks means that the world losses the gains that would have come from multilateral trade. The rules responsible for governing antidumping laws and other important rules in trade are managed by the world trade organization WTO and the preferential trade agreements, but in case of conflicts, the WTO’s rules prevailed over the PTA. This means that countries like the U.S impose rules on other weaker partners that are rejected by other economies such as the Indian and the Chinese economies (Bhagwati). Without the multilateral trade agreements, templates developed by big economies such as the U.S rule over other countries. Additionally, the templates extend to other fields outside trade like the environmental issues as well as the labor standards. The U.S is seeking major emerging economies with similar ideas about trade so that they can form their own templates. When such ideas are combined, they will benefit the stronger trading partners and oppress the other members. Moreover, third world countries will have little influence on overall ideas suggested by the developed countries. This implies that the hegemonic countries like the U.S will benefit from the agreements alone. Such interests have made these developed countries to halt the talks that may take time to reach an

Operation Management - Honda Atlas Motors Essay Example for Free

Operation Management Honda Atlas Motors Essay COMPANY Profile Atlas Honda Limited (AHL) is a joint venture of two companies the Atlas Group and Honda Motor Co. Ltd., Japan. This company was created in 1988. The company is currently manufacturing motorcycles and auto parts. Honda motorcycles are the largest selling motorcycles in the country with matchless reputation for impressive quality, reliability and its customer service. Atlas has the country’s largest in-house manufacturing capability at its Karachi and Sheikhupura plants. AHL management is striving to modernize company operations by adapting applicable aspects of research and theory and more specifically, Honda’s unique philosophy of hard/soft technologies to the realities of Pakistani conditions. Company management structure, systems and processes are changed according to the demands of the customer, growth and new technology. Efforts are being made to develop participation at all levels of personnel in decision-making and a substantial and effective delegation has been established at levels where applicable. Various participation programs such as ‘Ala Mayar’ Quality Circles movement, launched in 1985, are strongly encouraged to allow constructive self-expression and teamwork. Atlas Honda is playing a pioneering role in creating conditions for easy and confident use of motorcycles all over the country. A vast and growing network of over 1600 motorcycles sales service and spare parts dealers has been established. In order to back up this system, Atlas has set up Technical Training Centers in Karachi and Lahore, which provide several courses of varying duration and complexity for motorcycle mechanics and users each year. Mobile training facilities take the latest know-how, technology and maintenance of motorcycles to major rural and urban centers around the country. STRATEGIC GOALS Customers * Our customers are the reason and the source of our business. It is our joint aim with our dealers to ensure that our customers enjoy the highest level of satisfaction from use of Honda Motorcycles . Quality * To ensure that our products and services meet the set standards of excellence. Local Manufacturing * To be the industry leader in indigenization of motorcycles parts. Technology * To develop and maintain distinct business advantages through continuous induction of improved hard and soft technologies. Shareholders * To ensure health and viability of business and thus safeguarding shareholders interest by maximizing profit. Payments of regular satisfactory dividends and adding value to the shares. Employees * To enhance and continuously up-date each members capabilities and education and to provide an environment which encourages practical expression of the individuals potential in goal directed team efforts and compensate them attractively according to their abilities and performance. Corporate Citizens * To comply with all government laws and regulation, to maintain high standard of ethics in all operations and to act as a responsible members of the community. BUSINESS ISSUES IMPACT High Price of Products Difficult to maintain high quality production at high market demand Complexity in coordination and communication among facilities, vendors and two geographical locations i.e. Karachi and Sheikhupura plants Slow response or long lead-time from the vendors

Hinduism :: essays research papers

Hinduism The underlying concern of the Upanishads is the nature of Brahman, the universal soul; and the fundamental doctrine expounded is the identity of atman, or the innermost soul of each individual, with Brahman. Formulations of this doctrinal truth are stressed throughout the Upanishadic writings  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Upanishads are the most important portion of the Vedas. The Upanishads contain the essence or the knowledge portion of the Vedas. The philosophy of the Upanishads is sublime, profound, lofty and soul-stirring. The Upanishads speak of the identity of the individual soul and the Supreme Soul. They reveal the most subtle and deep spiritual truths. The Upanishadic period prepared the ground for the development of rational ideas, scientific observation and advanced study in the fields of mathematics, logic and the physical sciences. It also cleared the way for a secular and more humane approach in the realm of social relations and government. Brahmin orthodoxy and ideas of ritual purity were challenged and confronted. The concept of god in Upanishadic thinking was quite different from the more common definition of god as creator and dispensor of reward and punishment. The Upanishadic concept of god was more abstract and subtle. It postulated the doctrine of a universal soul - that embraced all physical beings. All life emanated from this universal soul and death simply caused individual manifestations of the soul to merge or mingle back with the universal soul. The concept of a universal soul was illustrated through analogies from natural phenomenon. "As the bees make honey by collecting the juices of distant trees, and reduce the juice into one form. And as these juices have no discrimination, so that they might say, I am the juice of this tree or that, in the same manner, all these creatures, when they have become merged in the True, know not that they are merged in the True. . . ." The name of Krishna refers to the Supreme Personality of Godhead, whose spiritual form is eternal and full of knowledge and bliss. This is confirmed in the following verse of Mahabharata: "The word krs is the attractive feature of the Lord's existence, and na means spiritual pleasure.

Naval Technology: 1450-1750 Essay -- effective naval vessels, ships

　　The Early Modern Era saw great change in the field of naval technology. Exploration and the desire to expand trade fueled the development of new, more effective naval vessels. These vessels, in turn, contributed to the growth of worldwide trade and interconnection that marked the period. 　　In 1453 the Ottomans took control of Constantinople, and effectively cut off direct European trade to East Asia. Because of this, in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, exploration in search of alternative routes became a key focus of Western European nations. 　　The development of such vessels as the caravel and carrack allowed for the great expansion of this trade-driven exploration. The caravel, a small, lateen-rigged ship of 12-18 meters (Russel, 229) , was developed as a fishing boat in the early 13th century, in Portugal. Its maneuverability and speed made it possible for explorers, merchants, and fisherman alike, to go further, faster. The Caravel would become the backbone of early Spanish and Portuguese exploration, and the model on which many other vessels were based. Columbus used two caravels in his ‘discovery’ of the new world: the Nià ±a and the Pinta; and Vasco Da Gama used the caravel Berrio in his expedition around Africa. 　　 　　The carrack, or nao, was a large, multi-decked ship that used a combination of square and lateen sails to ensure a balance of power and maneuverability. The carrack became the premiere ship of early exploration and trade as it was able to carry up to 1,000 tons(Johnston) and was capable of withstanding the lengthiest voyages. The premiere ships of the voyages of Columbus, De Gama, and Magellan were all carracks. 　　These early vessels allowed for the mass exploration and colonization, of the American... ...Modelling: Rigging Patterns - The Carracks and Caravels." Jan's Sites: Navigation. N.p., 8 Mar. 2012. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. Glete, Jan. Warfare at Sea, 1500-1650: Maritime Conflicts and the Transformation of Europe. London: Routledge, 2000. 150-60. Print. Konstam, Angus. The History of Shipwrecks. New York: Lyons, 1999. Print. Rodrigues, Francisco. Roteiro De Malaca. 16th Century. Engraving. N.p. Russel, Peter E. "The Caravels of Christ." Prince Henry 'The Navigator': A Life. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale UP, 2001. 225-38. Print. Schwarz, George R. "History of the Caravel." Caravel. Texas A&M University, n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. Vroom, Hendrik Cornelisz. Hollandse Schepen Overzeilen Spaanse Galeien Onder De Engelse Kust. 1617. Oil on canvas. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Web. Johnston, Ruth A. "medieval ships and boats." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2013.

Research Essay-Pre Revolutionary Thinkers

Over the past several weeks, looking out of the window of my modest home and seeing wave after wave of British marauders marching toward the city of Boston, some miles from my own home, my mind wanders to exactly what has taken place over the past several years in the fight for independence for our colonies, and what the future will hold. As a person of means and education, I consider myself infinitely qualified to comment on such matters, and in doing so, have also studied the writings and ideas of the leaders of our revolution, in order to be able to comment about the same.First, my mind wanders back to the year 1765, when we in the colonies sought to oppose the British attempt to extort monies from us via the Stamp Act, which had as its premise the collection of taxes in order to improve the living conditions and inner workings of the colonies (Ferling, 2002) , but in reality, to those of us who could see through the smoke of British muskets being aimed at us, it was nothing more than a legal form of blackmail, for the taxes that we were being compelled to pay gave us no more of a voice in the halls of British Parliament than the common slave would in fact have.When it was said that taxation without representation is nothing more than tyranny, the words rang true in my ears and in my heart. If the British Crown truly wishes to be able to legitimately collect taxes from the colonists, we must be able to exercise our basic freedoms and enjoy the protection of the Crown, including a voice in the halls of Parliament.Benjamin Franklin, a learned man of science and politics as well as a well traveled diplomat, has stated time and time again that all men are entitled to liberty (Watson, 2003); not the kind of liberty that has conditions of allegiance to a distant ruler attached to it, but the kind of liberty that is completely pure and noble- one that allows everyone to be able to pursue their own interests, contribute to the well-being of the common good, and be a ble to enjoy the blessing of raising one’s children in a free nation. One of Mr.Franklin’s best ideas is the plan that he has constructed for the unity of the colonies under one government (Watson, 2003); however, this plan must be clarified for one to truly understand both the simplicity and the beauty of it. Mr. Franklin does not advocate an allegiance to the British Empire, which has thus far added little of value to what we are doing here in the colonies, but rather a freely elected government, with the people choosing the members of the government and that government working at the interests of the people, not oppressing or opposing them.This is something that is seriously lacking in the thoughts and actions of the English, who believe that we colonists could be stacked like cordwood and used when necessary, ignored the rest of the time. Not only is this ridiculous, but it also makes cleared the importance of what Mr. Franklin has offered thus far. Mr. Franklin is not alone in these beliefs, nor has he been forced to carry the torch of liberty on his own. Yet another brilliant liberator of the colonists can be found in the person of Thomas Jefferson of Virginia.As a prolific writer as is Mr. Franklin, Jefferson has put pen to paper and created a declaration of the independence that we seek from the Crown of England. While this document has not been intended to fire up controversy, it has raised the anger of those that would hold us back from our destiny, and will surely cause many problems going forward, before it is able to achieve its ultimate goal of freeing us from our political and economic bondage (Dershowitz, 2003).The Jeffersonian ideal of self government, as he proclaims, is worthwhile to consider, for within it, he feels that if men are given the ability to lead themselves and achieve their own destinies, not only will their nation, but future generations and the whole of mankind will be enriched for all time (Eicholz, 2001). The i ssue of independence goes so much deeper than the everyday lives of colonists; the issue cuts right to the will of the human race to be free and to lead themselves.While mistakes surely will and must happen from time to time, these mistakes will take place in an atmosphere of freedom, which is the naturally desirable state of man (Volo, 2003) These gentlemen are worthy of consideration from everyone who would be free for this reason if no other. For all of this talk of independence, I have not yet given much of my own impressions of the goings on and where I think everything will eventually lead. First, let me say this- I believe that it is the will of God almighty that these colonies be able to become something on their own and develop a system of government beyond the shadow of England’s heavy hand.America offers the bounty of the land, a hardworking population, and all of the materials that one would need to meet their needs- physical and spiritual. With these gifts from G od in place, it is inconceivable that He would have us do anything else but to fight as hard as we need to in order to gain freedom and self responsibility. My sentiments are echoed throughout the land; of course, the men who are gathered in Philadelphia have made this abundantly clear through their speech and written words, and the common citizen has shown their interest in the cause by taking up arms when necessary to fight for their lands, hearths and families.Because we all have put in the labor and money to build homes, plant crops, and establish industry, we should enjoy the fruits of those labors without having to hand over the fruits to greedy dictators from across the sea who would take as much as we could give. This raises the question of where to go from here; all effort must be made to keep our colonies strong through faith, hard work, and lawful behavior (Volo, 2003). Without these factors in place, we would surely fail, but this is not the case.We have at our disposal all of the tools that we will need to forge the freedom and keep the peace. In conclusion, after taking an educated look at what Mr. Franklin, Mr. Jefferson and their colleagues have thought and practiced in this effort to gain recognition as a nation, away from the oppression of the British crown, I am of like mind with these gentlemen and their confederates. It is essential that we follow this path to its logical conclusion, for while the actions may be risky, the consequences of inaction are even more so pricey. ReferencesDershowitz, A. (2003). America Declares Independence. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Eicholz, H. L. (2001). Harmonizing Sentiments: The Declaration of Independence and the Jeffersonian Idea of Self Government. New York: Peter Lang. Ferling, J. (2002). Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press. Volo, D. D. , & M. Volo, J. (2003). Daily Life during the American Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Pr ess. Watson, J. (2003). Ben Franklin, Protector of Americans Abroad. Biography, 26(3), 438+.

Chapter 1-4 Study Questions Essays

Chapter 1-4 Study Questions Essays Chapter 1-4 Study Questions Paper Chapter 1-4 Study Questions Paper Essay Topic: Literature The primary relationships studied by sociologists are the ones between individuals and society Which is an accurate description of sociology the systematic study of the relationship between the individual and society, of how social relationships influence peoples behavior, and how major social institutions and individuals interact The sociological imagination is an awareness of the relationship between individuals and social forces One way to develop a sociological imagination is to view your own society as an outsider A sociologist observing behavior at a college football game would probably focus on the interaction among fans during the pre-game ritual of tailgate parties Which of the following would be an example of the use of the sociological imagination a study of the behavior of people listening to a religious service compared to that of people listening to a rock concert Unemployment can be viewed as both a private trouble and a public issue The sociological imagination is an empowering tool because it helps us to understand the perspectives of people from different social circumstances The fact that it is possible to make a hamburger without having to personally complete every one of the many steps that go into making a hamburger from scratch illustrates societys shared knowledge and skills Which of the following are the key components of the definition of sociology systematic study, the individual and society, and the consequences of social differences The fact that men in Indonesia are more likely to survive certain kinds of natural disaster, because men in that society are generally taught to swim while women are not, is an example of the consequences of differences A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is referred to as social inequality A body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation is called a science Sociology is considered a science because sociologists engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding Fields of study that explore the ways the behavior features of humans interact and change are considered social sciences Fields of study that explore the physical features of nature and the ways in which they interact and change are considered natural sciences A natural scientist would be likely to study rock formations and composition in the Grand Canyon A social scientist would be likely to study the reasons for the decreasing divorce rate in the United States Which of the following would be the type of question a sociologist might ask in studying the global economic crisis that began in 2008 how do the positions we occupy influence our experience of the crisis Sociologists argue that, unlike scientific knowledge, commonsense conclusions are unreliable A sociological study of the divorce rate among U.S. soldiers served to emphasize the distinction between sociology and common sense A set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behavior is called a theory Emile Durkheims study of suicide relate suicide ages to the extent to which people were integrated into the group life of a society Emile Durkheims explanation of suicide was scientific because he developed conclusions based on systematic examination of data Which of the following statements is an example of a sociological theory suicide rates are a reflection of whether people are, or are not, integrated into the group life of a society Which sociologist established Europes first university department of sociology Emile Durkheim Which of the following is true about August Comte he sought to establish a science that would reveal basic laws of society, he thought humans could learn to understand the forces that helped society to maintain order and stability, he though humans could learn to understand the forces that caused society to change Which of the following is true about Harriet Martineau she introduced the significance of inequality and power into the discipline of sociology, and she believed scholars should be activists and not just commentators Harriet Martineau argued that we could learn a lot about a culture by analyzing the ideas, themes, and images reflected in which type of cultural product popular songs Anomie refers to loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective In many emerging nations, the pace of social change is very rapid and there is significant hunger and starvation, unemployment, and family disruption. Individuals who live in emerging nations are likely to suffer anomie Durkheim was particularly concerned about the loss of social order Which of the following did Karl Marx view as the key factor distinguishing humans from animals humans ability to transform raw material into finished products In Karl Marxs analysis, social inequality is determined by ownership, or lack thereof, of key material resources Max Webers theory of power included social status and organizational resources Sociological studies that focus on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations are defined as macrosociology A study of divorce rates among the populations of Canada, England, the United States, and France is an example of macrosociology Which of the following stresses the study of small groups microsociology A sociologist studies drug-use patterns among small groups of college students in a Midwestern college. This would be an example of microsociology Erving Goffman popularized the dramaturgical approach, which compares everyday life to a theatrical performance W. E. B. Du Bois investigated power and inequality based on race Ida Wells-Barnett investigated power and inequality based on gender and race Which of the following is true about Jane Addams she used sociology as a tool to improve the lives of the urban poor Which of the following is a functionalist perspective society is structured to maintain stability Which sociological perspective would suggest that if an aspect of social life does not contribute to a societys stability, then it does not serve a useful function functionalist perspective A functionalist perspective would be most likely to argue that the existence of big-city political machines suggests that these political organizations satisfy certain basic social needs Which sociological perspective emphasizes the distribution of power and the allocation of resources conflict perspective Critics of television often suggest that executives of major television networks and movie corporations are wealthy, White males who divide which programs or movies will be produced and which directors and actors will obtain jobs in the industry. This analysis reflects the conflict perspective With which of the following conflicting groups are contemporary conflict theorists concerned women and men, the wealthy and poor, and blacks and whites Interactionist perspective uses everyday forms of social interaction to explain society as a whole Which sociological approach would argue that people respect laws or disobey them based on their own past experience as well as their subjective understanding of the law interactionist perspective Which sociological perspective would argue that laws reinforce the positions of those in power conflict perspective Which sociological perspective would argue that public punishments reinforce the social order functionalist perspective Which sociological perspective would argue that social change is predictable in the progression toward great order functionalist perspective The view that social order is maintained through cooperation and consensus would most likely be held by functionalists Which sociological perspective would suggest that social change is reflected in peoples communication patterns and social positions interactionist perspective In general, sociologists tend to draw insights from all three major sociological perspectives. Personal sociology requires recognition of how our individual position in society shapes our perspective. Using sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations is referred to as applied sociology. Which of the following statements is true clinical sociology is dedicated to facilitating change by altering organizations or restructuring social institutions The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas is known as globalization A sociological relationship between the individual and society is one in which the choices of the individual are determined by the individuals societal position. T/F False Given C. Wright Mills description of the sociological imagination as our ability to see the interaction between history and biography, it follows that neither society nor the individual can be understood in isolation from the other. T?F True The main purpose of the hamburger as miracle story is to show that, when the need arises, all individuals are capable of achieving their goals without the help of others. T/F False The observation by sociologists that the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami killed a higher proportion of men than women is an example of the importance of the consequences of difference. T/F True Sociology can most accurately be considered a natural science because it involves the systematic examination of the effects of human nature on society T/F False The fact that sociologists have found little difference between the sexes in terms of talkativeness is an example of why the systematic analysis of facts is generally more reliable than common sense knowledge T/F True According to Durkheims theory about the causes of suicide, the more interconnected and interdependent a societys members, the lower its suicide rate should be. T/F True Of the three main sociological perspectives, the dramaturgical approach, as popularized by Erving Goffman, would best be considered an example of the interactionist perspective T/F True A sociologist who views religion as a societal institution that functions to preserve existing inequalities is most likely to be a conflict theorist in terms of perspective. T/F True Of the various ways to practice sociology, the way that offers the most direct link between theory and practice is clinical sociology. T/F True Which of the following is true of sociology it represents a conversation between theory and research The scientific method maximizes consistency in research If you were interested in studying the relationship between date and acquaintance rape victims and the characteristics of the rapist, your first step would be to define a problem to study Defining a sociological problem involves explicitly identifying the concepts you want to learn more about An operational definition is the transformation of an abstract concept into indicators that are observable and measurable Which of the following best describes theories they are our most informed explanations of what happens and why Which of the following would be least likely to be used in formulating an operational definition for a study on racial bias in the workplace the narrative of a single person describing an incident of employment discrimination When researching a concept, why do sociologists conduct a review of the available literature to refine the problem under study, to clarify possible techniques to be used in collecting data, to eliminate or reduce avoidable mistakes A testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables is known as a hypothesis The statement Women who receive welfare are less likely than other women to have babies is an example of a hypothesis A variable is a measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions Which of the following can serve as a variable in a study marital status, ethnic background, age The relationship between variables in which a change in one leads to a change in the other is known as casual logic The statement People who live in poverty have shorter life expectancies than wealthier citizens is an example of a hypothesis The causal variable that brings about change is known as a(n) independent variable Which of the following would be considered the independent variable in the statement People who live in poverty have shorter life expectancies than wealthier citizens level of income Sociological studies have indicated that people who are married are less likely to commit suicide than people who are divorced. In this example, marital status is a(n) independent variable The race of a criminal offender is associated with the frequency with which capital punishment is administered. In this example, capital punishment would be considered the dependent variable The relationship between two variables in which a change in one coincides with a change in the other is known as a(n) correlation Individuals who have divorced parents are more likely to experience long-term adverse effects than individuals who have parents who did not divorce. This statement is an example of a(n) correlation In which type of sample does each member of the entire population have the same chance of being selected a random sample If researchers wanted to examine the opinions of people listed in a city directory, they might call every tenth or fiftieth or hundredth name listed. This would constitute a random sample Valid research measures accurately reflect the phenomenon under study Which of the following would be considered a valid measure of an individuals intelligence None of the answers are correct not the individuale employment, or the researchers opinion, or the number of years of school that the individual has completed A research measure that provides consistent results is considered reliable A factor held constant to test the relative impact of the independent variable is known as a control variable Which of the following is true about a research design it is a detailed plan or method for scientifically obtaining data Developing an effective research design is important because it directly influences both the amount of time needed to collect the data and the cost of the project To conduct a cross-cultural study of job discrimination against women, a sociologist interviews 75 women between the ages of 20 and 40 in an American city, and 75 women in the same age group in a Canadian city. This study would be classified as a survey In order to provide information that is useful, open-ended survey questions must be worded accurately and without bias The results of an interview may be influenced by the gender of the interviewer or the race of the interviewer Surveys most often represent ______ research, which collects and reports data primarily in numerical form quantitative The number calculated by adding a series of values and then dividing by the number of values is referred to as the mean The midpoint, or number that divides a series of values into two groups of equal numbers of values, is referred to as the median Which number would be considered the mode of the following: 10-10-9-9-8-8-7-7-7-6-5 7 Research that relies on what sociologists observe in the field and naturalistic settings, and that often focuses on small groups and communities, is referred to as qualitative research Researchers who use sociological observation to collect data do so by either watching a group or by directly participating in a group A sociologist attends meetings at all the schools and churches in his community over several years, and meets as many residents as he can for the purpose of exploring all facets of the communitys social life. He then compiles a detailed description of the community. He is conducting a(n) ethnography The initial obstacle participant observers encounter is gaining acceptance into an unfamiliar group Once a researcher has been accepted into a group, a major challenge of participant observation is maintaining a degree of detachment An artificially created situation that allows a researcher to manipulate variables is known as a(n) experiment In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the independent variable is called the control group Sociologists performing research tend to use both laboratory experiments and field work, but not in conjunction with each other A sociologist decides to study the interaction among students in the colleges computer center. When the students realize they are under observation, they become shy and reserved in their interactions. This is an example of the Hawthorne effect Which of the following is true about Devah Pagers research it attempted to approximate experimental conditions in the field Secondary analysis includes a variety of research techniques that use previously collected and publicly accessible information and data If a sociologist uses information gathered by the United States Census Bureau in a study, that sociologist is performing a secondary analysis Sociologists consider secondary analysis to be a nonreactive form of research An inherent problem in using secondary sources of data is that researchers may not find the exact data needed for their research A researcher studies adolescent attitudes about senior citizens by analyzing depictions of the elderly in the lyrics of popular music and the content of teen magazines. This is an example of content analysis Erving Goffmans pioneering exploration of how advertisements portray women as dependent upon men is an example of content analysis Which of the following is included in the code of ethics for sociology using appropriate research techniques, maintaining integrity in research, remaining unbiased and nondiscriminatory Which of the following is not incorporated into the basic principles of the code of ethics for sociology a required number of data sources Rik Scarces jail experience in 1993 revealed the potential consequences of maintaining the confidentiality of sources After the 1989 Valdez disaster, the Exxon Corporation sought out many experts, including sociologists, to study jury deliberations. Which of the following was a major ethical concern for these sociologists Funding from Exxon might influence the results of the studies According to value neutrality, investigators have an ethical obligation to accept research findings even when the data run counter to which of the following their own personal views, theoretically based explanations, widely accepted beliefs Joyce Ladners The Death of White Sociology called attention to the tendency of mainstream sociology to investigate the lives of African Americans only in the context of social problems Which of the following is true about Shulamit Reinharz she argued that sociological research should be open to drawing on relevant research by nonsociologists Feminist sociologists view work and family as interrelated topics Which of the following statements is true about the contributions of feminist sociologists? they have difficulty maintaining value neutrality due to the subject of their research One important goal of applying the scientific method to the study of society is to ensure that the researchers own values and opinions are allowed to influence the results. T/F False The purpose of transforming a concept into its operational definition is to make the concept easier to observe and measure T/F True In the hypothesis the more socially integrated a person, the less likely that person is to commit suicide, level of social integration is the independent variable. T/F True If x is correlated with y, then by definition, x must be the cause of y. T/F False If x causes y, then by definition, x must be correlated with y. T/F True For the purposes of data analysis, the most important quality of a sample is that it is representative of the population from which it is drawn T/F True One way to ensure that a sample is representative of the broader population from which it is taken is to ensure that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected in the sample. T/F True If the same questionnaire about income and education is given to the same person at two different times, and nothing significant has changed between the two times, the responses should be the same, and if they are not, the questionnaire can best be described as invalid. T/F False Of the two main types of survey instrument- the face-to-face interview and the questionnaire- the use of a questionnaire is likely to generate the higher response rate because it allows more time for the respondent to respond. T/F False While sociologists use a variety of different approaches to the study of social phenomena, they all accept that value-neutrality is essential in the interpretation of data. T/F False The totality of our shared language, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as culture Culture helps us to interpret information received by our senses Which of the following best defines a society the structure of relationships within which culture is created and shared Which of the following best explains the role of a society it provides the context within which cultural relationships develop Cultural preferences vary across societies. Which of the following is an example of a cultural preference marriage ceremonies, methods of education, religious doctrines Common practices and beliefs shared by all societies are called cultural universals In his research, George Murdock determined that although all cultures share common denominators, how cultures address these practices and beliefs varies greatly What is the most common stance among researchers on the nature vs. nurture debate they view the debate as inadequate Sociobiology is the systematic study of how biology affects human social behavior Which of the following would be of interest to a sociobiologist the explanation of how our thoughts and actions are linked to our genes Innovation interests sociologists because it often has continuing effects beyond the initial change Which of the following is a method through which culture is diffused military conquest, tourism, the Internet Which of the following would be an example of discovery the identification of bacteria Which of the following would be an example of invention superconductors Which of the following examples illustrates the rapid globalization of culture starbucks stores in China English-speaking people in the United States commonly use words whose origins are from various African, Asian, and non-English-speaking European cultures. This is an example of cultural diffusion In practice, globalization has led to which of the following phenomena the cultural domination of developing nations by developed nations, people in developing nations often discarding their traditional values, and native cultures being threatened by Western popular culture The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives represent material culture Which of the following is an example of material culture a slice of pizza Which of the following is true about cognitive culture it consists of our mental and symbolic representations of reality Which of the following is a component of cognitive culture language Which of the following is true about the pace at which nonmaterial culture changes? it is more resistant to change than material culture What is cultural lag? an adjustment period when nonmaterial culture struggles to adapt to new material conditions Culture lag occurs because people in most societies are more likely to change their material culture than their nonmaterial culture Which of the following is true about language? it includes speech, writing, and nonverbal gestures Which of the following is true about the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? It argues that the language we use shapes our perception of reality In some parts of the United States, horse breeding is commonplace. People involved in breeding have developed different words to distinguish between breeds, sizes, and sexes of horses, and these words are not very familiar to people who are uninvolved in the horse world. This is an example of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis What is one of the contributions the feminist perspective has made to the study of language? It suggests that gender-related language reflects traditional acceptance of men and women in certain occupations. The words blacklist and white lie are examples of language that can promote racial stereotypes. Which of the following is an example of nonverbal communication? a high five, a hug, a frown Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper (or bad, undesirable, and improper) are known as values Which of the following is true about the list of U.S. basic values offered by sociologist Robin Williams? It includes the values of freedom, equality, morality, democracy, and conformity In surveys of first-year college students over the last 40 years, which value has shown the strongest gain in popularity? being very well-off financially Which of the following is true about norms? they are established standards of behavior maintained by a society, they must be widely shared and understood, they are classified as formal or informal Formal norms enforced by the state are laws Informal norms are generally understood but not precisely recorded While attending a prestigious lecture at a New York City museum, Bob noisily belches several times and picks his nose. He is violating informal norms Mores are norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society Which of the following is true about folkways? They are norms that govern everyday behavior Which of the following is not a culturally learned behavior? instincts Within the traditional Buddhist areas of Southeast Asia, in the sleeping cars of trains, women do not sleep in upper berths above men. This norm reinforces patterns of male dominance Which of the following is an example of a norm that is often ignored because of weak enforcement? teenage drinking of alcohol and use of shady accounting techniques in business Which of the following is an example of a practice that appears to violate the norms of society in general, but actually represents adherence to the norms of a particular group? teenage drinking of alcohol and use of shady accounting techniques in business Penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm are known as sanctions A Girl Scout works hard on a difficult project, and when she has completed her work, she is given a badge that she can wear on her uniform. This is an example of a sanction A dominant ideology is a set of cultural beliefs and practices that legitimate existing powerful social, economic, and political interests Which of the following is a limitation of the dominant ideology thesis? Significant shifts in cultural values occur from generation to generation In the United States, professional gamblers, Armenian Americans, teenagers, and nudists are all examples of subcultures The use of terms like g-man, honey boat, and airmail by sanitation workers in New York City is an example of argot Which of the following is the best example of a counterculture within the United States? hippies Armed militia groups, such as the one that was involved in the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, are an example of both a subculture and a counterculture Which of the following constitutes culture shock? The feeling of disorientation that is experienced when people encounter cultural practices different from their own A man from a very conservative culture travels to a country where the culture is more liberal. As he walks down the sidewalk, he is startled to see women wearing pants and even shorts instead of the long skirts and dresses worn by women in his culture. He is experiencing culture shock The tendency to assume that ones own culture and way of life represent what is normal or are superior to all others is called ethnocentrism Students who return home after studying abroad and soldiers returning home from war often experience a kind of reverse culture shock, which reflects how much we take culture for granted. A member of a new fundamentalist church believes that she has found the one true way to achieve salvation, and that members of other religions are pagans who will go directly to hell when they die. This is an example of ethnocentricism Which of the following is an example of ethnocentrism? People from India being repelled by the common American practice of living in the same household with dogs and cats. In which country did ethnocentric value judgments hamper United States efforts to build a democracy? Iraq A United States sociologist receives a grant to study racial and religious prejudice among the peoples of Southeast Asia. The sociologist makes a serious and unbiased effort to evaluate the norms, values, and customs of these groups in light of the distinctive cultures of which they are a part. This is an example of cultural relativism. Which of the following concepts employs the kind of value neutrality that Max Weber saw as so important? cultural relativism One of the reasons why we need culture is that it helps us to make sense of, and relate to, the physical world around us. T/F True George Murdock found that there are 70 categories of true cultural universals T/F False Humans have more control over their own destinies if they are the product of nature rather than nurture. T/F False In general, sociobiologists emphasize how social behavior can influence our biological evolution as a species T/F False The main difference between discovery and invention is that only invention involves the creation of something that did not previously exist T/F True The diffusion of cultures across national borders can have positive and negative effects. The negative effects are most likely to be experienced by developing rather than developed countries. T/F True Language can be described as being socially constructed because it has no inherent meaning other than that assigned to it by humans. T/F True One important implication of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is that the capacity to conceptualize the world must evolve before language can emerge. T/F False Wearing formal clothes in an informal setting would be an example of violating a formal norm. T/F False The use of argot helps clarify the boundary between insider members of a subculture and other outsider members of society. T/F True The relative importance of biological inheritance and environmental factors in human development is referred to as the debate over nature vs nurture Which of the following best describes the process of socialization? Learning the attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture. A teacher plans a trip to the theater for a junior high school class. As part of the preparation, the teacher tells students how they should dress and how they will be expected to act inside the theater. This is an example of socialization The analysis of Genie and Danielle is important because it emphasizes the importance of the earliest socialization experiences in human development. Harry Harlows research with rhesus monkeys and artificial mothers revealed that monkeys developed greater social attachments based on their need for intimacy than on their need for food. Studies of identical twins who were raised apart have failed to conclusively decided the debate over the influences of nature and nurture Which of the following is true about the self? It is a distinct identity that sets us apart from others Which of the following statements is true about the looking-glass self? It is a theory that you become who you are based on how you think others see you. Which of the following is the first phase of the looking-glass self? imagining how others see us According to the theory of the looking-glass self, our self-identities are based on our perceptions of how others see us. George Herbert Mead argued that the self has two core components the I and the Me For George Herbert Mead, the self represents an ongoing interaction between our socialized self and our acting self For a student sitting in a classroom, the I is the part of the self that engenders which of these reactions? speaking up during a class discussion Which of the following is true about the sociological concept of significant others? It is a term that refers to individuals who are most important in the development of the self throughout our lives Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an example of a significant other? a television character According to George Herbert Meads stages of the self, the preparatory stage occurs when children imitate the people around them, particularly family members Gestures, objects, and words that form the basis of human communication are known as symbols Which of the following is an example of a symbol? a hug, a coke bottle, a bowl of caviar In Meads theory, the process of mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined viewpoint is known as role taking During which of Meads stages of the self does a child begin to become a doctor, a parent, a superhero, or a ship captain? the play stage Your boss has just screamed at her staff for poor sales growth and high absenteeism. Consequently, you decide that this would not be a good time to speak to her about a promotion. In this instance, you are effectively demonstrating role taking. A child of about eight or nine years of age begins to consider several tasks and relationships simultaneously. At this point in development, children grasp not only their own social positions but also those of others around them. Mead calls this stage the game stage Allison is playing in a high school field hockey game and passes the ball to Erika, who appears to have a scoring opportunity. Allisons pass suggests that she is aware of her role as a member of a team and that she is now in which stage of development, according to George Herbert Mead? the game stage Which term was used by George Herbert Mead to refer to a childs awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole? generalized other Tanya is sitting in a large college lecture hall with 300 other students. Although she has the urge to pick her nose, she refrains because she is afraid of how the other members of the audience will react. Tanyas behavior is being controlled by generalized others Which of the following is true about the dramaturgical approach? It is a view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers. The sociologist Erving Goffman is associated with which of the following concepts? impression management, face-work, the dramaturgical approach Bob is on his first date with Mary. He really likes her, so he tries to act in a manner that will cause her to like him, too. This is an example of impression management Which of the following defines Erving Goffmans concept of face-work? the effort to maintain a proper image and avoid embarrassment in public A person leaves a singles bar alone and later tells a friend, There wasnt anyone interesting in the entire crowd. This is an example of face-work Which social scientist believed that the self has components that work in opposition to each other? Sigmund Freud How many stages did Jean Piaget argue exist in the development of childrens thought processes? 4 A child spends a lot of time putting objects into his mouth and touching everything in sight. This child is probably in which stage of development, according to Piaget? sensorimotor According to Piagets cognitive theory of development, the stage in which children begin to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas is called the preoperational stage. According to Piaget, what is the key to childrens development? social interaction Which of the following is the most important agent of socialization? the family Socialization concerning not only masculinity and femininity, but also marriage and parenthood begins in childhood as a part of family life. Children observe their parents as they express affection, deal with finances, quarrel, complain about in-laws, and so forth. Their learning represents an informal process of anticipatory socialization. Which of the following is true about gender roles? They are expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis observed that schools in the United States focus on socializing students for the workplace. Which of the following was a finding of sociologists Patricia and Peter Adler regarding peer groups? popularity reinforces gender stereotypes, a social pecking order is established early, popularity is affected by attractiveness Which of the following has become an increasingly influential agent of socialization over the past century? the media Which is the most common form of media consumption for young people between the ages of 8 and 18? watching tv Among tablet and smartphone owners, multitasking is becoming more of a social norm Which of the following is true about the ways new technologies are changing the way we interact with each other? They tend to lead to both narrowcasting and multitasking. Which of the following is true about adolescents in the workplace? Adolescents work primarily to earn spending money for themselves. Institutions such as day care centers, hospitals, and mental health care centers reflect what change in society? the declining role of family as caretaker T/F The quincea-era ceremony is considered a rite of passage for Hispanic girls. True A bat mitzvah, a quincea-era ceremony, and a Catholic confirmation are all examples of rites of passage Which of the following do life course theorists argue? Socialization continues through all stages of the life cycle. According to a national survey, the key event that marks the rite of passage into adulthood in the United States is completing formal schooling. A young girl decides that she wants to become an Olympic swimmer. She takes swimming lessons, joins her schools swimming team, reads magazine articles about champion swimmers, and goes to swim meets at a nearby college. This is an example of anticipatory socialization. A woman who was socialized from infancy to become a wife and mother settles comfortably into being a homemaker in her twenties and early thirties. However, her husband dies suddenly, and she finds that she must enter the paid labor force in order to support herself and her two children. This woman will most likely have to undergo a process of resocialization Which of the following is considered a total institution? a mental hospital Which of the following is not a characteristic of total institutions? The authorities devise rules and schedule activities after consultation with the participants. Cindy enters prison and is stripped of her clothing and advised that from this point on she will be referred to only by a number. This is an example of a degradation ceremony. Which of the following is true about the midlife crisis? It is a period in which people realize that they have not achieved basic life goals and ambitions and have little time left to do so. The sandwich generation can best be described as adults who try to meet the competing needs of their parents and their children. Which of the following factors has contributed to the rise in life expectancy around the world? developments in health care, advances in nutrition, improvements in working conditions Which of the following is not one of the seven stages in Robert Atchleys theory of the retirement process? orientation In Robert Atchleys conceptualization of the retirement process, the near phase refers to the point in time when a person establishes a specific retirement date from a job. T/F The process of socialization can only take place during the first few years of life, meaning that children who miss this process can never become fully socialized. False Based on studies of identical twins, the evidence overwhelmingly supports the idea that nature has a greater impact than nurture on the social development of people. T/F False One implication of Charles Cooleys idea of the looking-glass self is that we can form self-identities that are based on incorrect assumptions about how others see us. T/F True According to sociologist George Herbert Mead, people are happiest when the I component of the self has total control over the Me portion of the self. T/F False Of the three stages of self-development identified by Mead, the capacity to assume the perspective of another and to respond from this perspective does not occur until the game stage. T/F False Goffmans concept of impression management implies that people alter their presentation of self to meet the expectations of different audiences. T/F True Of all the various agents of socialization, peer groups have consistently been shown to have the greatest impact. T/F False The life course approach to the study of political socialization tends to focus on those social factors, such as race or gender, that affect people throughout their lives. T/F True The process of discarding old patterns of behavior and accepting new ones as part of a life transition is referred to as anticipatory socialization. T/F False People who are no longer young, but are not yet old are referred to by social scientists as the sandwich generation. T/F False

A Synopsis of the Documentary Regret to Inform Essay Example

A Synopsis of the Documentary Regret to Inform Essay Example A Synopsis of the Documentary Regret to Inform Paper A Synopsis of the Documentary Regret to Inform Paper Essay Topic: Cry the Beloved Country â€Å"Our deaths are not ours they are yours; they will mean what you make them. †- Regret to Inform â€Å"The terrible price of that nobility is one that nobody should have to pay†- Barbara Sonneborn In 1968, the director Barbara Sonneborn was informed that her husband, Jeff Gurvitz, had been killed in a mortar attack in Vietnam. The words â€Å"We regret to inform you† appeared on the telegram, and the message arrived on her 24th birthday. Sonneborn is the director, writer, and producer of the notable documentary film Regret to Inform. Although she remarried and has a lovely new life, she was haunted by the lost of her beloved husband and had strong, begrudging feelings about the war. After twenty years, on the date of Jeff’s death anniversary, she decided to follow her ex-husband’s footsteps in Vietnam and film a documentary about the influence of the Vietnam War on American and Vietnamese women. Through the film, the memory of the loss is relived by her again. This film was an Academy Award nominee in 1998, and won the Independent Spirit Award in 1999. It also won Best Director, Best Cinematography, and Feature Documentary awards at the Sundance Film Festival in 1999, and several others prestigious awards. 1 The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indo-China War, is also called the American War by the Vietnamese. It had its beginnings in 1957, subsequent escalation in 1960, and finally ended in 1975. The war was fought between the North Vietnamese government and US-supported South Vietnam. It concluded with the defeat and dissolution of South Vietnam. A total of 1,230,000 Vietnamese died in the conflict, and 330,000 people were reported missing. On the American side, a total of 58,209 Americans died, and about 2,000 American were missing in action and never accounted for. 2 A critic from the New York Times Magazine stated, â€Å"Every documentary film has an agenda, and the interviews that make up the bulk of Regret to Inform add up to a damning indictment of war in general and in particular the Vietnam War, which it portrays (without actually coming out and saying it) as a disastrous miscalculation. 3 Elsewhere, Anthony McCosham wrote of Regret to Inform: â€Å"A common complaint about filmic representations of the Vietnam war, particularly those produced in Hollywood, is that the films tend to focus too narrowly on the personal relationships of the characters involved, ignoring not only the political context of the war but also the viewpoint of its Vietnamese participants. † 4 McCosham criticized commercial films of the Vietnamese War without reservation, and at the same time he pointed out that Regret to inform presented a key point, the women’s point of view. Moreover, Lindsay Anderson commented that Regret to Inform shows the personal truth about war, and one comes away with the conviction that the only way to really understand war is on this personal, experiential level. No one who really knows this truth can ever mouth platitudes about glory and honor in war again, or advocate the necessity of war without a grave and conscientious acknowledgment of its devastating cost. 5 This critique enhances Regret to Inform’s argument and appeal against the war. In other words, the commentator also provides a sincere advice for the people who have ever been to the war because only the people who really came through from the war can really understand its destructive influence. Sonneborn’s Regret to Inform is a documentary that argues against war by presenting the personal stories and grief experienced by women on both sides of the conflict. She focuses on women, unlike so many other war films, and provides a uniquely feminist take on the Vietnam War. She effectively employs interviews, letters home, Jeff’s notification, Jeff’s reflection, music, and historical portraits to convince the audiences to rethink their support of war. In the beginning of Regret to Inform, Sonneborn introduced herself to the viewers and gives the reason for her journey to Vietnam. She wondered how and where did her husband died; therefore, she decided to find out the truth by herself. During the journey, she also interviewed many war widows who were influenced by the war and shared the same experienced. The interview is one of the key elements of this film, and those heart-wrenching stories bring the audience to re-inspect the war and find no difference in the pain experienced by both sides’ war widows. For example, Xuan Ngoc, a war victim and the director’s translator, recalled the bombing of her village in South Vietnam when she was 14. She witnessed her 5-years-old cousin being shot to death by an American solider when he went out from their hiding place in search for water. During the war, she also witnessed her neighbor dying without helping him. She also took her girl friend’s food in order to live since her friend was seriously injured. Terrifyingly, during the war she had to decide who was going to live or die. On screen she was choking up and tearful when she spewed out those bitter memories. Then, she continued stating that she fled from her village and survived for a time by prostituting herself to American soldiers sometimes half-a dozen a night. Some of them were just yelling at her, crying in front of her, and sometimes hitting her. Subsequently, she explained that at that time she was only 14 years old and why she had to face that choice. The director did not use simulation and dramatic narration to present the Vietnam War; instead, she revealed the physiological harm and plight on the war widows by interviewing from female standpoint. From Xuan Ngoc’s facial express and statement, the viewers can understand she is still suffering for those memories after the war ended. She revealed that she was prostituting herself in order to earn money and live; indeed, she also stated that she used marijuana a lot otherwise she could not have taken off her clothing in front of strangers. Asian culture is conservative about sex, and women are told that they should not have sex before they marry. Therefore, Xuan Ngoc was not only facing physiological suffering but also conflicts with her moral code. In addition, she was forced to decide who would live and die, which is against all human morality since she wanted to stay alive. Xauan Ngoc asks how we could have allowed such conditions to occur why we did not try to prevent it. Here, the viewers can see the interviewee’s emotional and mental anguish. Above all, from her expression, Xuan Ngoc challenges the audience so they can rethink about their support of the war. In another interview, we meet one American widow who said her husband left her a note to tell her that he loved her so much, but he could not take the flashbacks anymore, and then he went into garage one day and shot himself after he returned from the war. Sorrowfully, in another interview, a Vietnamese widow relates how she watched nine members of her family herded out and killed. Many Vietnamese women revealed the same experiences that during the war they were afraid of being raped, so they hid themselves in order to avoid the danger. Another Vietnamese woman stated, If you werent dead, you werent safe. Everything that moved was murdered. 6 Vietnamese women revealed some ruthless torture at the hands of South Vietnamese and American soldiers not only for men but also for women. In addition, both side’s children questioned their mothers why their fathers had not come home yet. By facing those painful situations, the widows expressed their hopeless and powerless feelings toward the war. The widows of both sides were given a fair voice to express their feeling and thoughts about the war. Many widows suffer for the war even after the war. There have been many movies that tried to investigate the Vietnam War, but most of them were made by marketing purpose since they are exciting and interesting. However, they are fiction after all. In Regret to Inform, there were no scenes of heroic deeds and no citation for soldiers’ bravery, only thing the presentation of the widows’ heartbreaking experiences. Indeed, even though women may not have a major role in the battlefield those who lost their families or suffered during the war were as profoundly influenced by the war as the men were. Xuan Ngoc concluded that she knows she is a good person. Because if she had another choice, then she would not have done what she did. From those statements and recollections, the movie uncovers the truth of the war and provides the audiences another angle on the war, and thus they could resist the war. Gadamer writes, â€Å"Language is the universal medium in which understanding occurs. Understanding occurs in interpreting. †7 Through the interviews, the widows’ descriptions of truth help the audience interpret the war, and by revealing their own wounds, the audience gains a batter understanding of how the war forces people to do things they normally would not do. Their stories keep those important memories alive. â€Å"Truth† is always more elusive then we think it is. When seeing the widows’ struggles, the audience would objectively realize that deep grief caused by the war happened to both Americans and Vietnamese. In the film, some American widows questioned the justification of the war and did not understand the necessity of war since those people did not threaten their country. They also stated that they do not consider their husbands to be murderers, but at the same time people need to look at it for what it is and it is murder. From the question of justification, the viewers would start to think about â€Å"is the war justifiable? † Indeed, from those information the audience would realize that the war is an illegal activity because it would only take innocent lives, cause people’ suffering, and test human moralities. Above all, once the viewers become aware that an American widows and the director could listen, interview, and truly record those Vietnamese widows’ voice and not treat them as enemies, they would be deeply moved and feel sorry for the victims. Fairly reporting both sides’ dilemmas, Sonneborn used those interview as a vehicle to move the audiences into the forgotten history and re-interpret the psychological impact for war victims. The interviews also increase this film’s reliability, validity, and persuasiveness. In addition to the interviews, Sonneborn used much different scenes as the evidence to argue and reveal the influence of the war such as letters home from both sides, Sonneborn’s husband’s notification, and the tape which records Jeff’s voice to reveal the brutality of war. Due to the war, most of women were using mail to communicate with their husbands, and through the mail they would know if they husbands were still alive. Sonneborn presents letters home through scenes to the audience, and these letters contain many moving sentences to express their feelings of loving and missing family members such as, I love you or I miss you. These letters were written in the Vietnamese language and English, and these scenes again demonstrate that even though Americans and Vietnamese have different races and cultural backgrounds, their sufferings and grief were all the same. Also, both sides’ victims loved their husbands and families profoundly; indeed, this love no difference on either side. Similarly, the director offered her husband’s notification in the film and showed the points where gunfire entered Jeff’s body. By seeing the scene, the viewers could imagine what it looks like and how it feels when someone you love is killed by war. â€Å"Mutilated†, †blast damage fractures†, and several other words appear on the notification, and those words present a concept for the viewers about what kind of price they would have to pay once the war occurs. Moreover, Sonneborn provides us with an opportunity to hear Jeff in his own words, when she plays an audio cassette he recorded. She was able to bring herself to play a tape that arrived in the mail shortly after twenty years of Jeff’s death. Jeff reflects, â€Å"I feel I were a bystander at my own life, calmly watching myself to things that I never expected or desired to. † He felt suffering toward to the war because he might have to do something that he did not want to do, perhaps burying dead bodies or killing people. During this scene, the voice was along with Vietnamese landscape to present Jeff’s testimony. From the tape, he expressed his feeling to Sonneborn, and it is clean that he was suffering for his moral code. It exactly pointed out that the soldiers feeling go unsaid. The scenes in the film provide the audience a chance to look at the war from different perspectives, and the sound effects enhance the movie’s persuasiveness and help people to engage in their sorrowful stories and experiences. In fact, music is an inseparable element to express and emphasize the film’s main idea. In Regret to Inform, a lot of string and percussion instruments were used to create a sorrowful atmosphere that would help the viewers engage with this film emotionally. The music plays an important role in portraying the tragic truth of the war, and the composer, Todd Boekelheide, combined numerous Vietnamese instruments with Western instrumentation. 8 Otherwise, the directors also uses Vietnamese folk songs and ambient noise in the film. The Vietnamese folk songs were used throughout the whole movie to express the pain of losing their beloved ones. Also, the director used ambient noise to present along with different portraits to the audience such as noise of train or Vietnamese women’s chatting voice. Therefore the audiences would feel like that they had experiencing the same trip along with the director. Moreover, string instruments, particularly the viola and cello, produced a variety of sounds with passionate vibrato and glissando. For instance, when the women recalled the time that first they met their husbands, the cellos played the dance-like duet and expressed their happy times together through repetitious simple melodies. In contrast to that, when women recollected the unpleasant memories of the war, then the instrumentation changed. During this time, the gong joined to announce the tragedy. Most melodies were presented along with historical, responsive photographs with a strong musical track that combines traditional Vietnamese songs and the instrumentation. All of these musical elements create the feeling of catastrophe and making the movie more touching; therefore, even after the film the viewers would still feel the widow’s pain and grief. It is obvious that Sonneborn uses music to persuade. Further, the music also opens a space for the audience quietly to catch on different messages from the film. Indeed, the musical track created a space for people to imagine if they were in those victims’ shoes and engaged the audience in their bitter memories. Additionally, Sonneborn uses many historical, cruel portraits to show how war really is. Many different pictures were presented to the audiences, such as photos of young dead children’s bodies, American soldiers searching for innocent civilians, and U. S. soldiers tossing bombs from airplanes. In fact, she employs many photographs of American soldiers spraying chemical defoliants in the South Vietnam, and these chemicals continue to change the landscape, cause diseases and birth defects, and poison the food chain in Vietnam. Abusing the use of defoliants hurt not only Vietnamese but also American soldiers. One American widow revealed that her husband suffered for seven years and declined in health. Eventually, he died from multiple cancers after he returned from the war. Besides, some of the images presented many hopeless children bloody and crying. Some children were sitting on the ground around with defenseless innocent eyes. Some children were hurt with blood, and some of them were being hold by the Vietnamese women or soldiers. Those pictures showed most of the victims as children and women. In addition, photos of U. S. soldiers tossing the bombs from the airplanes in addition to the number of bombs are shocking. Since bombs lead to huge fatality, many innocent people were harmed. Some photographs are presented in black and white and some are in color, and the similarity of these photos shows the afflictive situation of the war, which is very difficult for the audience to imagine. At the same time, it is an effective way to evoke the viewers’ great sympathy for those children and women. Those pictures were presented along the music, and those pictures become a language that enables the audiences to perceive and interpret the war. By those portraits, the audiences realize these war victims’ hardships and heartaches that resulted from the war. Sonneborn manipulates her thoughts effectively by employing interviews, letters home, Jeff’s notification, Jeff’s reflection, music, and historical, responsive photographs to convince the audience, to move them to believe her antiwar concept, and to act on that opinion. This documentary highlights the ruthless truth of the war, reports widow’s plights, and tells us how the war change people’s lives thereafter. In fact, the director did not drastically express antiwar concepts in the film, but the audiences still could detect the metaphor of negative feeling of the war. Most importantly, this film points no fingers at specific policymakers. This film does ask question that foreground the war not as an inevitable event, but a conflict that resulted from policies centered around of inhuman and callous ideologies. The film left us to wonder if the war would only result people’s anguish, then why people choose to do so. This film is accessible and engages people to respond the war concept that the film spoke to us in powerful way. Baker stated, â€Å"We must listen closely to men and women who became both the victims and the perpetrators of the war, if we want to learn something real about this particular conflict, something real about the human spirit, something real about ourselves. 9 The film talks back to the people who support the war, and it shows both widows’ gut-wrenching pain thought its factual interviews within personal narratives and memories, evidence, sorrowful music, and stunning historical photographs. However, the film is a great lesson to those people who supported in the war, and they shoul d know better that there is no winning when it comes to war. In fact, this documentary is not about one side or the other. This documentary clearly points out that the war is the really enemy. Hopefully, people will start to heed the lectures of the dead and endeavor to cease war that makes no light injury.

Fluent in Speech and Affluent in Wealth

Fluent in Speech and Affluent in Wealth Fluent in Speech and Affluent in Wealth Fluent in Speech and Affluent in Wealth By Maeve Maddox Some speakers and writers are beginning to use the word affluent in contexts that call for fluent. Here are some examples of incorrect usage Ive notice on the web: a good vocabulary is necessary†¦ everyone should be well rounded and affluent in their own language. [Name] has over 14 years of real estate experience, is affluent in Spanish and specializes in new home and residential sales. [Name] was baptized in November 2006. She is affluent in Spanish, but her English is very weak. [Name], who is affluent in Spanish, works with Hispanic students. I need someone who is affluent in Spanish and I also would like to know about what they would charge for this. I now realize that not everyone is affluent in Spanish. Both fluent and affluent come from Latin words related to the idea of moving water: fluere, to flow; affluere, flow toward. In modern usage, the most common definitions of the two words are these: fluent [flÃ… «Ã‰â„¢nt] : flowing or capable of flowing, especially with ease or freedom affluent [ÄÆ'flÃ… «-É™nt] : having an abundance of goods or riches The misuse reflects a nonstandard pronunciation of affluent that puts the stress on the second syllable instead of the first. Here are some examples of the correct use of affluent: Are Affluent Teens The Latest Victims Of Mental Illness? These are affluent singles and couples who live in the chic high-rise neighborhoods of many big cities, owning swank condos and apartments. An Increasingly Affluent Middle India Is Harder to Ignore A person may live in an affluent neighborhood, but is fluent in a language. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeThe Writing ProcessThe Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

Technology Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Technology Appraisal - Essay Example These steps are of prime importance to the design of foundations. Objectives of soil exploration and testing are to assess sequence and thickness of strata. To determine the position of the Ground water Table and characteristics and their types of subsoil. Then bring these samples to the lab and test them for minor details. Which include the determination of their shear strength, compressibility and chemical characteristics. At the end if there are some problems with the soil and its does not fulfill the requirements for the sustenance of the structure, consequently the geotechnical engineer proposes solutions to the problem depending on the results of the soil testing he has done. There are majorly two types of soil testing in civil engineering; first one is In-situ testing and the other Lab testing. As the name clearly depicts the location of the tests, Insitu is done on site and then the samples acquired from there come to the lab for further analysis. Although there are many soil tests that are performed at both the locations but the most prominent and used among them are the following. The above mentioned tests are the most widely used in the soil testing and geotechnical investigations for the civil engineering projects. In my report I will not be able to discuss all of them and have to select one because each test has a vast area of application, inaddition to this the diverse arrangements for the performance of these tests make it further more difficult. For that purpose I have selected one of the above tests which is the Insitu Test, Standard Penetration Test (SPT). There are majorly three reasons for this selection, the first is that SPT test is among the most widely used tests for soil exploration and sampling of the soil for further tests which are to be performed in the lab, so consequently in every

Case study 3 peer review 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case study 3 peer review 1 - Coursework Example According to business venture policies and regulation controls, Alympia argues that a â€Å"franchiser gets $500 for selling the trademark rights† proposing the adaption a franchisor (context and meaning of franchise and franchisor) business model. However, my argument makes logical sense as I considered regulatory policies stating that a franchisee should acquire trade dress and agree to trade certain product volumes for a specified duration – 10 years, for example. However, one major difference between Alympia’s and my arguments is the use and meaning of the term franchise. Comparing the use of the term franchise in both shows that the term is misused in one instance, Alympia’s. Alympia’s argument shows that she recommends Shania to open a franchisor company so that she can sell trading rights to other businesses. However, Alympia argues that â€Å"Permitting her company to become a franchise will enable every other business to pay for using her trademark† – an indication that the term is misused. On the other hand, I consider a franchise to be a business model that buys trademark rights from a master franchisor. This shows that Shania will be required to adhere to the control, missi on, and vision approaches of a master franchisor if she chooses to adapt a franchise business model. The Colorado Legal Services (2014) states that Chapter 9 of the Labor Law protects individuals from discrimination at workplace and provides guidance to employees on the courses of action they should take if discriminated. Mathew 7:12 states that â€Å"So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets† (Open Bible, 2014). With reference to the labor law, discrimination is disallowed therefore Shania cannot discriminate the other employees for not being ethnic minorities. This is not a shared qualification that all employees can support. Religiously, the bible reference shows that Shania should take the best course of

EFFECTIVE THINKING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EFFECTIVE THINKING - Essay Example E-learning, aided by technology, seeks to prepare learners and equip them with skills conversant with 21st century through continuous learning activities. Kong and his peers embarked on researching the issues and changes needed to achieve the goals of eLearning. With a similar goal, all three articles seek to unmask the opportunities and challenges of technology-assisted learning. The rapid change of technology creates both opportunities and challenges for education in school. Some of the opportunities are the increased access multimedia content and availability of online classes. At the same time, schools have to deal with the challenge of catching up with the digital innovations and changes taking play now and then. According to Kong et al., â€Å"technology plays a crucial role in supporting schools on realizing the desirable learning goals and learning process (71)†. But is this statement really valid? There is a universal perception that implementation of technology in schools improves learning, teaching, and student achievement. People, however, fail to recognize it comes with complexities and challenges. As stated by Beynon, â€Å"how computing technology is conceived may seem to have less practical relevance.† In order to evaluate the worth and benefit of technology, there is need to evaluate some variables embedded in it. The variables are such as access, student background, curriculum content, and teacher preparation. It is necessary to have a computing perspective that integrates human integration with systems in a holistic manner (Beynon 94). In rethinking computing technology, there is no doubt that the current state of technology is inadequate to engage important issues that affect human learning. Educators need to have a comprehensive strategy for a technology-rich future and create an intimate relationship to human cognition if it is to assist learners. It is, however, unfortunate that the current technology strategies are ill-equipped and cannot

The Process of Changing the Oil in Your Car Research Paper

The Process of Changing the Oil in Your Car - Research Paper Example To change the oil, you need to drain the car first of its old oil. The used oil can be drained out of the oil pan at bottom of your engine. The pan that holds the oil has a drain plug that looks like a big bolt of which you need to remove to drain the old oil. But before removing the drain plug, make sure that you have already positioned your container beneath the oil drain. The container will catch the used oil as it spills out of the pan. When it is already in place, you can now remove the drain plug and let the old oil pour into the container. When all of the old oil is already drained into your container, replace the drain plug and tighten it. After draining the pan of the used oil, you have to remove the old oil filter. Most of the time, you will have to be under your car to do this but sometimes it can be reached from the top of the engine that you will not have to crawl under your car. You can remove the old oil filter by using an oil filter wrench to turn it in the counter clockwise until it’s loosed. But before installing the new oil filter, lubricate it first with the new oil so that rubber gasket can easily be screwed when you install it. After lubricating the new oil filter, you can now fill it with the new oil of about 2/3 of its capacity. After that, you can now install it into its place. Carefully hold it upright and screw it clockwise; remember to be careful because it has oil in it so it won’t spill. Lastly, you can now fill the engine with your new oil. To do this, just remove or unscrew the oil fill cap and inject the smaller end of your funnel. At this stage, it is important to check your owne r’s manual if you are doing this the first time of how much oil your engine can hold. The amount of oil your engine can hold varies with different type of vehicles so it is important to check. When you have already checked the capacity of oil your engine can hold, put the new oil in it remembering that the amount of oil you have put into the engine will be just a little more than ? of what it can hold. Never throw you used oil on the ground, nor dispose it on a river, creek or in a garbage bin. Remember that oil is combustible and can be dangerous to any organism living in a body of water. Instead, call your local gas station or oil change station and ask if they would like to have your used oil. Most of them would take your used oil because this can be recycled for future use. This would not only decrease our dependence for foreign sources oil but also helps to preserve the environment as well. When you have done all of this process without a glitch, congratulate yourself fo r you have just saved yourself some money. Word count: 760

Should the government be neutral in matters of conscience by jerry Essay

Should the government be neutral in matters of conscience by jerry mills - Essay Example The importance and relevance of neutral government The main idea of the article lies in the fact that there should be strict separation between the church and secular laws in order to eliminate unjustified oppression on people’s conscience and provide all the conditions for personal liberty and human natural rights realization. Law making and church should act in accordance with each other to help people understand what is right and what is wrong in our world (Mills). If the church imposes definite things and the laws does not even try to disprove them, such situation prevents people from good understanding what is good and evil and can’t help form right principles with the youth. Jerry Mills presents several arguments to support his point of view, which are mainly based on previous works by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson (Mills). According to Madison, neutral government should strive for establishing common morality. At the same time the social system is supposed t o provide such human rights as individualism, opportunity and stability (Mills). In his draft ‘Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments’, Madison provided quite well-reasoned explanation for the necessity of division between state and church power: religious liberty is considered to be a part and parcel of human natural rights and it should be completely free of civil legislature; religions are not in need for any civil support: there are a lot of historical examples when religion arised in response to certain opposition, not support of legal laws (Mills). In order to demonstrate horrible consequences, which church and state relationship caused, Thomas Jefferson described Virginian law about Quakers, which stated that in case Quakers refused to take an oath of adherence to the Crown, they were exiled from the state, imprisoned or even sentenced to execution (Mills). The author’s ultimate goal is to create a civil system, which would allow for moral pluralism without domination of leading factions. There are two ways how governments could deal with factions: the first method suggests that government removes the reasons, which evoked the fraction existence by making people believe in one thing; the second method is associated with neutral government, which is supposed to control the effects of factions’ activities (Mills). Such social regime implies government tolerance of citizens’ adverse interests and views. According to Mills, the main task of ‘sufficiently neutral’ government is supposed to be the promotion of democracy, control and restriction of dominating factions’ invasion into other communities (Mills). Conclusions The main question of the article is about the role and influence of government in human life. Even in our modern democratic world, there is no common consent about the extent to which government could or should intervene in social activities without putting any restrictions on human freethinking. We assume the Mills’ arguments against church and state consolidation are relevant and support his point of view about importance of establishing ‘sufficiently neutral’ government, which would interfere into social and personal life of citizens to acceptable extent and

The Process of Changing the Oil in Your Car Research Paper

The Process of Changing the Oil in Your Car - Research Paper Example To change the oil, you need to drain the car first of its old oil. The used oil can be drained out of the oil pan at bottom of your engine. The pan that holds the oil has a drain plug that looks like a big bolt of which you need to remove to drain the old oil. But before removing the drain plug, make sure that you have already positioned your container beneath the oil drain. The container will catch the used oil as it spills out of the pan. When it is already in place, you can now remove the drain plug and let the old oil pour into the container. When all of the old oil is already drained into your container, replace the drain plug and tighten it. After draining the pan of the used oil, you have to remove the old oil filter. Most of the time, you will have to be under your car to do this but sometimes it can be reached from the top of the engine that you will not have to crawl under your car. You can remove the old oil filter by using an oil filter wrench to turn it in the counter clockwise until it’s loosed. But before installing the new oil filter, lubricate it first with the new oil so that rubber gasket can easily be screwed when you install it. After lubricating the new oil filter, you can now fill it with the new oil of about 2/3 of its capacity. After that, you can now install it into its place. Carefully hold it upright and screw it clockwise; remember to be careful because it has oil in it so it won’t spill. Lastly, you can now fill the engine with your new oil. To do this, just remove or unscrew the oil fill cap and inject the smaller end of your funnel. At this stage, it is important to check your owne r’s manual if you are doing this the first time of how much oil your engine can hold. The amount of oil your engine can hold varies with different type of vehicles so it is important to check. When you have already checked the capacity of oil your engine can hold, put the new oil in it remembering that the amount of oil you have put into the engine will be just a little more than ? of what it can hold. Never throw you used oil on the ground, nor dispose it on a river, creek or in a garbage bin. Remember that oil is combustible and can be dangerous to any organism living in a body of water. Instead, call your local gas station or oil change station and ask if they would like to have your used oil. Most of them would take your used oil because this can be recycled for future use. This would not only decrease our dependence for foreign sources oil but also helps to preserve the environment as well. When you have done all of this process without a glitch, congratulate yourself fo r you have just saved yourself some money. Word count: 760

History the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

History the world - Essay Example Other factors that lay behind the flourishing of commerce along Indian Ocean in the postclassical millennium included: the sudden rise of Islam, the spread of Arab communities across the coastal lines, technological advances such as larger ships and magnetic compass, the availability of goods that were desired by other cultures around the Indian Ocean, coherence and unity among the traders and Muslims, the efficiency of the long distance trade, the increasing high demand for trade goods across the coastal lines, and the dependence on each other through the linked agricultural and pastoral societies across the Indian Ocean. The flourishing of the Indian Ocean commerce can also be attributed to the relationship between the world of Indian Ocean and the rise of Srivijaya. The controlling of the Malacca strait was a factor, this is because Srivijaya was the shortest and the closest way that led to China and Indian Ocean. Boats were taxed at Srivijaya when they passed through the Malacca strait which led to the production of wealth. There were also rare and expensive objects such as spices and gold which attracted traders. Srivijaya was also a center of Buddhism teaching and practice, this also flourished commerce in the region. The operations of trading network in the Indian Ocean differs from the one in the Silk Roads from the fact that ships in the Indian Ocean could accommodate heavier and larger cargoes than camels along the Silk Roads. This means that the trade networks in the Indian Ocean had more goods and bulk products carried to the market, while the Silk Roads were largely limited to luxury goods for the few traders in the mass market. The trading network in the Indian Ocean involved large ships which were less expensive and carried more cargo. The trade also had multiple locations with many direct routes, more efficient times of travel, and centered in India. The agricultural and pastoral people that were linked by the trade network also

Incumbents and Their Re-election Essay Example for Free

Incumbents and Their Re-election Essay Statistical research suggests that in 1998 a total of 395 Representatives and 26 Senators were reelected (U. S. Census, 2000). Since the middle of the 20th century and up to the present time, the process of re-electing incumbents has turned into one of the major political trends. The more incumbents sought to reestablish themselves in political office, the more concerned political scholars became about the causes and factors of such political advantage. The current state of political research suggests that a whole set of factors predetermines incumbents’ continuous political success, with access to media and excessive financial resources being the most important elements of political fight. True, those trying to become the members of political office for the first time often lack sufficient political opportunities, compared to resources, which incumbents can access and use in their election campaigns. Reelection of incumbents has already turned into the major political trend in the U. S. , and there are several reasons for that. To begin with, incumbents are frequently referred to as â€Å"the perks of Office†; in other words, all Congress members are given enough material and nonmaterial resources to hire professional staff, whose primary responsibility is to turn their Congress employers into well-represented, widely recognized and well-liked political figures (McKay 140). For example, incumbents can send postage-free letters to their constituents, and can use these as a part of their promotional political campaigns (McKay 140). These are just some out of many benefits which Congress members are being granted by the state. Time is just another component of incumbents’ success in Congress. It should be noted, that Congress is incumbents’ full-time job, and meeting voters, resolving local issues, and participating in public events and television shows are what they are being paid for. It appears that for many potential candidates to run for office and to try to combat an existing Congress member would mean to face the lack of media and financial resources, which for the current Congress members are available on a regular basis (McKay 147). Certainly, all these benefits would be irrelevant and unimportant if not for the image promotion and visibility of all Congress members. It is difficult to deny the fact that â€Å"sitting members of Congress are almost universally recognized in their districts† (Cusdi). This visibility is the direct result of one’s running for office, and after having served two or more years for Congress, its members become widely recognized and accepted among their constituents; and voters are more likely to give their vote to those whom they already know for their Congressional achievements than those, who just start their political career. It should also be noted, that such political visibility is directly associated with incumbents’ ability to organize their promotional campaigns. Having won at least one election campaign, an incumbent is more prepared to face the major political and organizational challenges than his (her) political opponents (McKay 152). Finally, these are financial resources that predetermine incumbents’ political successes. McKay writes that â€Å"for both senators and representatives, money has become a crucial resource in congressional elections. With voters acting in response to the appeal of individual candidates rather than to parties, both incumbents and challengers must ensure that the voters know who they are and what their record is† (169). It appears that in terms of money, incumbents also have significant comparative advantage over political outsiders. Average financial resources available to incumbents are 2-3 times higher than those available to challengers, which makes it impossible for the latter to develop well-grounded media campaigns. For example, in 2002 many Republican incumbents took advantage of â€Å"fundraising visits by President Bush during the 2002 election cycle† (Smith, Roberts Wielen 74). As a result, incumbents have much more chances to win elections for the second time, and will hardly give their position away to political outsiders. Conclusion A whole set of advantages works to provide incumbents with an opportunity to be reelected. Time, visibility, access to media, and excessive financial resources – all these factors make incumbents less vulnerable to political changes and give them a kind of comparative advantage over political challengers. On the one hand, these advantages seem to make elections unfair, but on the other hand, political outsiders have to develop convincing argumentation that would persuade constituents to change their political commitments, and to give a political beginner a unique chance to run for office.